Cancer

Personalized and precision medicine is an innovative approach in healthcare that, through complete analysis of an individual's DNA and genome, provides treatments, prevention, and health recommendations tailored precisely to the individual's genomic characteristics.
DNA analysis and interpretation is the key to entering personalized medicine and solving the puzzle of individual health, accomplished through a DNA test kit.
DNA analysis allows for detailed assessment of your genetic risks, metabolic patterns, drug response, and biological predispositions. Without a personal DNA and genome profile, no preventive or therapeutic program can be fully accurate.
This approach enables an individual to:

• Identify genetic risks for cancer, diabetes, and other chronic diseases even before their own birth: By examining an individual's genome, one can predict the likelihood of developing various cancers, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and obesity that they may face during their lifetime. This precise scientific information allows for targeted monitoring and timely preventive measures, thereby predicting, reducing, or even eliminating the risk of serious diseases.
• Plan a personalized and exclusive nutritional and exercise lifestyle for their body: An individual's genome shows how the body absorbs nutrients, circulates energy, responds to exercise, and manages its metabolism. Based on this data, a personalized diet, exercise program, and lifestyle can be designed that not only reduces disease risk but also optimizes overall health and body function.
• Understand precise drug and treatment responses: Genomic analysis helps you understand how your body reacts to different drugs, what potential side effects are, and which dose or treatment method is more effective. This information is especially crucial for serious diseases like cancer, diabetes, or other chronic conditions, enabling more precise and safer treatment provision.
• Make intelligent decisions for the health of children and family: By understanding your genetic status and recognizing risks, you can make preventive and scientific decisions for your own personal health, your children's health, and your family's health, minimizing potential genetic effects through lifestyle changes or timely action.

Cancer is fundamentally a DNA-related disease. This disease can either arise in an individual's own DNA due to environmental damage (such as prolonged exposure to harmful radiation like radioactive rays and X-rays, or certain chemicals) or it can already exist in the DNA inherited from the father or mother in a hereditary manner.
If cancer occurs due to changes in a specific gene inherited from the father or mother and is passed down from generation to generation affecting multiple offspring, it is called hereditary familial cancer, such as certain eye cancers or cancer syndromes that begin in childhood.
However, it must be understood that hereditary cancers are rare, accounting for approximately 5% of all cancers.
Common cancers generally arise from more complex genetic mechanisms and mutations in hundreds of cancer-related genes, manifesting in middle age and beyond.
The greater the number of cancer-predisposing genes in an individual's genome, the higher their likelihood of developing cancer, and thus their polygenic cancer risk score is determined to be higher.
Because relatives share a higher percentage of genes, if cancer-predisposing genes circulate from generation to generation and family to family due to this genetic similarity, affecting more individuals within that family, it is estimated that such a family has a higher risk of developing cancer compared to other people in society. Therefore, if taking a family history reveals that the number of cancer-affected individuals among a person's relatives exceeds the normal rate in the population, that person is said to have a strong family history and high familial risks for developing cancer.

Yes, and the answer lies in DNA.
Each person's individual identity and biological structure is unique and comes into existence only once in the universe. No two completely identical humans have existed, exist now, or will exist in the future. Therefore, using precise DNA analysis and comprehensive genomic reports, personalized medicine empowers individuals to manage their health preventively, scientifically, and accurately, reduce the risk of serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and other chronic conditions, and become the best version of themselves.
This approach is considered a valid and reliable scientific standard not only for ordinary individuals but also for healthcare and genomics professionals when dealing with treatment issues.

In this matter, the individual's polygenic cancer risk (level of risk of developing the disease) is the determining factor.
Individuals at the highest risk of developing the disease, as well as those at moderate risk, should be urgently covered by screening programs.
For example, in the case of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), to detect polyps at the end of the large intestine, screening should begin in adolescence.
However, generally, most cancer screening programs usually begin after age 25.
The age range that carries the highest risk for most hereditary predisposition cases is 35 to 50 years. Therefore, this period is very important, and screening must be performed with a regular program as determined by a specialist physician, continuing after this age for the remainder of life.
Familial cancers manifest at younger ages. In some families, the age of cancer onset is particularly early, and it is recommended that at-risk individuals in these families undergo screening five years before the onset of symptoms in affected family members, such as with various cancers that begin in childhood, where follow-up of other individuals must be faster.
The recommended intervals between screenings depend on the type of cancer and are determined based on the natural history of that specific cancer, a matter decided by a specialist physician.
For example, because breast cancer is not detectable in the premalignant stage and early detection is crucial for this cancer, women with a family history of ovarian and breast cancer are strongly advised to undergo regular annual mammography from age 35 onward.
PharOmics is an intelligent cancer prognosis platform that plans for prevention and early detection of various cancers within the framework of the Premium Cancer Genome NGS Package, especially for individuals at higher risk, based on gene sequencing and analysis for predicting various cancers. It also enables individuals to make more informed decisions for themselves in lifelong monitoring programs.

It depends on the type of analysis and the package you request.

1. In the Premium Cancer Genome NGS Package, the sample can be blood or tissue biopsy.
2. DNA Kit:
   Sampling for the DNA kit is a completely non-invasive and painless process that only requires your saliva. This method is convenient, safe, and can be done at home, with no need to visit a laboratory in person.

The workflow for both cases continues as follows:
Package Selection: First, you choose between the Premium Cancer Genome NGS Package and the DNA test kit. Receiving the Sampling Kit: After placing your order, the sampling kit appropriate for your chosen test will be sent to you. The kit includes all necessary tools and complete instructions. Sample Collection: Using the kit, you collect your saliva sample. This is simple, quick, and done in the privacy of your home. Sending the Sample to the Laboratory: After collection, the sample is placed back in the kit's packaging and sent to the PharOmics laboratory. The packaging is typically designed for safe transport. Tracking and Receiving Results: After receiving the sample, the laboratory begins the DNA analysis process, and you can view your results online.
This method ensures that sample collection is easy, safe, and painless, and that your information is examined confidentially and accurately.